Combined type-writing and computing machine.



n B. c. STICKNEY. COMBINED TYPE wRmNGANDHCO'MPUTI'NG MACHINE.

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B. C. STICKNEY.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE. Y AIfPLIcATIoN FILED IUNE`26. 1912. REIIEWED APR. 17,:916. A 1,183,826. l Patented May16,'1916.

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WITMES'SJE/S; y INvENToRI B. C, STICKNEY. COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE. APPLICATION r1LEn1uNE26. 1912. RENEwED APR. 17.1916.

Patented May16`,1916.

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INVENTOFI:

B. C. STICKNEY.

coMBlNEn TYPE .WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26, |912. RENEWED APR. 17,1916.

Patented 5May 16, 1916.

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|NveNTo+ B. C. STICKNEY. COMBINED TYPE WRITIN'G AND C OMPUTING MACHINE.

. I APPLICATION FILED IUNE26, 1912. RENEWED APR. 17| I9I`6., 1,183,826.

L Patented May16,"1916.

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` mvENTon;

.B.C.STICKNEY.

COMBINED TYPE WRITIING AND COMPUTING MACHINE. APPucATloN H1En1uNE26,19xz REnEwED APm 1.19|&

Patented 11ay16g1916.

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B. C. STICKNEY.

COMBINED TYPEWRITING A'ND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IuNE 26,4912. IIEIIEwED lAPR. II, 19,16.V

Patented Hay 16, 1916.

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CGMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

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INvErToR: www@ B. c. STICKNEY.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE. APPLICATION rlL'ED 1uNE2'6, 1912. RENEwED APH. 17.1916.Y

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O E D D WIT'NESSES: y INVENToRi UNTTED sTATEs PATENT oEErcE. I BUENHAM c. STICKNEY', vor ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY, nssreNoE, BY ASSIGN- MENTS, To UNEEEWooD'ooMPUTING MACHINE COMPANY, 0E NEW YORK, N.' ir.,

AooEPonATIoN o'FTNEw YORK.

.Specification of Letters Patent.v

COMBINED TYPEhWRITING- AND COMPUTING- MACHINE.

Patented May 16, 1916.

Continuation of applicationserial No.. 668,822, filed January 2, 1912. This application filed4 J'une 26, 1912,

, Serial No. 705,899. Renewed April 17, 1916. Serial No, 91,517.

To all whom it may concern: y u

^ Be it known that I, BURNHAM C. STICK- NEY, a citizen of the United States, residing in Elizabeth, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined TypeWriting and Computing Machines, of which the followingis-a specification.

This invention relates to combined typewriting and computing machines of the Un- -derwood-Hanson-type, in which computation pins are set up by the numeral keys of the typewriter, and subsequently employed for the purpose of determining the extent of ing mechanism, and is a continuation of my application No. .668,822, filed January 2, 1912. Such `a machine is illustrated in United States Hanson Patent'No. 905,421, dated December 1, 1908, and pending application of F. AfHart, No. 466,836, filed Decemberl, 1908. v

The object of the present invention is to improve the computing mechanism in this general class of machines, with a view to providing a simple mechanism to adapt the machine to effect both addition` and subtraction according to the British, monetary standard; although certain` features ofthe improvements may be used machines adapted for other standards, especially certain features of the subtracting mechanism. In machines ofthe Underwood-Hanson type, the key-'set computation or index pins are arranged upon racks or rack-bars, which mesh with pinions connected to the dial wheels, and said pins are employed, for the purpose of determining the extents to which the dial wheels are'drven. f

One of the dial wheels employed in computing British money is the pence wheel, which' is a double lwheel, one part being reserved for units, and the other part for tens; this wheel being designed to make twelve stepsfor each revolution, as there are twelve pence' in a Shilling.

In order to make it practicable-to employ the usual numeral key 1 in computing in boththe tens and units places in the pence column, I provide three of the computationpin racks or bars to be used in/ associationwith said pence wheel. The first of these rotation of the dial wheels of the computy traction.

bars is used only for computing tens, the second only for computing from two to nine pence, and the third only `for computing a single penny. The iirst'computing-pin bar has no rack teeth, but drives the second computing-pin bar, which has a rack tomesh with the pinion on the pence wheel. The third of'these racks, namely the one for 4Computing a single penny, has a rack in mesh with a pinion provided upon a special computation wheel which has no dial, but which is adjacent to the pence wheel, and is provided with a carry-overy train which operates every time that the special wheel is operated. The second and third racks are connected to be simultaneously brought into position to have their pins set by the keys.

It will be understood that if only two racks were employed, and if the secondnor units rack should have a 1 computationpin' thereon, and if the numeral key 1 should be employed to write-eleven pence, the ten-pence pin and the one-penny pin would both bet set, but the pence Wheel would thereupon be advanced only ten points, as this setting of the one-penny pin would be nugatory, since the units rack is driven ten points by the ten-pence bar. But byv having a thirdrack, which is not driven by said tenpence bar, but is independently driven, a pin can be set upon said third bar by said numeral key, and said special wheel can be rotated one point thereby, and such rotation in each case starts in action the onto the pence wheel. Moreover said special A or dummy wheel, at each step, of course,

causes 1 to be carried over on to the same pence wheel. The latter may be operated by either train independently of the other train. All of the wheels and carry-over trains are turned backwardly to eHect sub- Any suitable means may be em. .ployedrforreversing the direction of rotation -of the Vdial wheels. There is illustrated a double rack which may be set either up or down to add or subtract, as the case may be, at the forward stroke of the general operaeach case is fastened to the dial wheel.

present instance carries two sets of spurs,`

and is reversible or capable ofl being rotated in either direction from normal position, thus bringing either one set or the other into play to cause the carry-over trains to add or subtract. adjusts the clutching mechanism for controlling the direction of movement of the spur-carrying shaft, and for determining whether said racks shall be thrown up or down, and hence whether the dial wheels shall be advanced or reversed. There is also provided means for preventing more than nineteen shillings being written on the work sheet, and also for preventing the Writing or more than eleven pence or more than three farthings.

Another feature of this convention consists in the provision of means for returning all the dial wheels to zero. An arbor extends through all the dial wheels, and

' fixed thereon are certain collarswhich have pockets containing balls and springs; and the corres ending dial wheels have recesses into whic the balls are pressed by the springs, thus forming the clutching connections between said arbor and said dial f'wheels. `For certain of the wheels, as for instance the tens of shillings wheel and the farthings Wheel, there are provided loose collars yon said arbor, which remain motionlessdurin part of the rotation of the arbor, and are nally moved thereby only very short distances, as it is necessary to turn said wheels onlyl th'rough very short arcs in order to bring them to the required positions. The farthings wheel, however, is rotatable by said arbor through four points, so that' it starts itscarry-over train. All' of these functions are performed during the forward stroke of the general operator; and during the return stroke thereof, all ofthe carryover trains 'are operated one after another,

to bring all the wheels to zero; said arbor having originally turned the higher wheels y each to within one point of zero.

In order to enable the machine to subtract, there is connected to said subtraction handle or lever a device which silences the 'zeroizing clutches aforesaid, thus permitting the dial wheels to be turned backwardly upon 'said arbor. The zero key is also roe vided-with means for setting the mac ine" from subtraction toaddition,y so that itis thereon. A' single lever Y insured that said clutches shall become effective, and thus enable the zero-setting mechanism to operate.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter' appear.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure' l' is a side elevation of a combined type-Writing and computing machine of the Underwood-Hanson type, showing the present improvements applied thereto; the parts being in normal positions'. Fig. 2 is a plan of the dog and jack mechanism usually employed in connection with the typewriter carriage for displacing the computation bars one after another, so that the pins may be set Fig-3 is a sectional plan of the base of the machine. tional plan of the principal computing devices. Fig, 4 is a detail of the means for carrying over from the farthings dial wheel to the pence dial wheel. Fig. 5 is a sectional frontl elevation taken through the computing wheels and computation racks; the parts being in normal positions. Fig. 6 is a perspective rear view of the shiftable mechanism for controlling the addition and subtraction operations; the parts being shown as shifted to subtraction position. Fig. 7 is a sectional side elevation showing the farthings dial wheel and its carry-over train, all in normal positions. Fig. 8 is a similar view, showing the carry-over train started by means of a tooth on the dial wheel. vlFig. 9 is a sectional side elevation of the tensof shillings dial wheel. Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one of the carry-over trains. Figs. 11 to 21 are diagrams of the double set of addition and subtraction spurs. Fig. 22 is a 'sectional side elevation, showing a dial wheel, a carry-over train, and the set of spurs seen at Figs.' 114:0 21. Fig. 23 is a. sectional side' elevation., illustrating the beginning of the movement ofthe general operator whereby the racks are shifted to position for subtraction, and before 'the advance,

of the cross bar whichl carries forward the computation racks: Fig. 24 is'a similar view, but showing the forward strokes of the parts completed. Fig. 25 is a sectional side elevation of the mechanism contained in the Ibase of the machine. Fig. 26 is a sectional side elevation of a computation bar having a single compu-tation pin for computing ten pence. Fig. 26a is an elevation of the rear portion of the. tens of Shilling computation bar. Fig. 27 is asectional side ele- Fig. 4 is a part sectraction l,and addition controlling devices, 'and a portion of the general'operator. Fig. 30 is `a sectional side elevation, showing some of the parts of the zero setting mechanism, and also aI portion of the device' for setting the computation racks to additionl and subtraction positions. Fig. 30a is a sectional sideelevation taken through the keyidly from the Fig. 32 position at the elevashaft of the lcarry-over mechanism. Fig. 35l

tion of the rten-pence computing bar. Fig. 34 is a sectional elevation of the clutch pinionwhich operates the general spur- Shows the Fig. 32 device as moved to eiective position. Fig. 36 illustrates the action of the'farthings computation bar in illustrating the locking-device of Fig. 32 to normal position. Fig. 37 isa sectional side elevation ofthe farthings wheel and the totalizingarbor, showing the parts in normal positions.` Fig. 38 is a similar view, show'- ing the arbor as having rotated two-thirds of a revolutionv idly as respects said wheel. Fig. 39 is a similar view illustrating the return movements of the parts. Fig. 40 is a similar view, and shows the completion of the operation from the Fig.v 38 position. Fig. 41' is a sectional rear elevation of the key operated linkages, the computation bars and pins thereon and the carriage operated linkages for displacing said bars. Fig. 42 is a perspective front view of a double linkage, which is operated by the 1 numeral key. Fig. L13 is a perspective rear view of the arbor whereon the computation wheels aremounted'whereby said wheels are turned to'zero. Fig. 44 is a plan of the portion of the casing which has the sight holes through which the numbers on the wheels are viewed; there being fou-r openings, one for each setl of wheels, pounds, shillings, pence and farthings. Fig. 45 is a sectional elevation to show the farthings carry-over train as having beenstarted by the starting tooth on the farthings dial wheel, and in position to operate thepence dial wheel on the return stroke of the general operator; said pence dial wheel being operable independently by either the farthings carry-over train, or the carry-over train whichextends from the dummy or blind wheel'to the pencedial wheel.

In *said machine, alphabet keys 1 and numeral keys 2 depress lever 3 and to operate bell cranks 4,. to swing type-bars 5 up to strike against the front of a platen- 6, which is mounted on a carriage 7 )ro elled b aA s a l P Y spring barrel 8 and controlled by an escapement wheel 9',and dogs 10, the latter operated by a universal bar 11 mounted on a'l reciprocating frame 12, which is carriedat its rear end by idle links 13; said universal bar being operated by heels 14 on the type bars.

Said numeral keys have stems 15 to depress arms 16 on rock shafts 17, which form partsof linkages 18; said linkages also including horizontal depressi-ble bars 19, which extend horizontally across the machine to enable the keys to depress any of a nest of computation pins 20. Said pins 2O arecarried upon' bars 21, which operate the dial wheels; there being at least one bar 21 for each denomination. v

The carriage of the typewriter selectsor determines the denomination 1n which computing is` to be done upon the depression of any numeral key. vFor this puropse, the carriage carries a dog 22 to engage and cam'up or lift any of a series of jacks 23, which are pivoted at 24, and at their rear ends depress rods 25, the latter connected by levers 26- to linkages 27 which lift the rear ends ofthe bars 21 each jack 23 being connected with its own bar 21, so that the position ofthe carriage 7 determines which one of said bars 21 shall lie in elevated position at the depression of any numeral' key 2. At their forward ends, the bars 21 have racks 2 8-to engage pinions 29, which are fixed to their respective dial wheels 30.

The actuation of the rack bars 21 is the same as heretofore; the general operator being driven-by a crank 31 or otherwise, and comprising a pair of racks 32, to which a preferably hollow shaft 33 is connected by segments 34 fixed on said shaft,` idle pinions 35 intervening between said segments and said racks 32. The racks are connected by back and front horizontal bars 36, 37. The bar 36, as usual, engages any of the pins 20 which have been depressed by the keys; and

vaccordingly the racks are driven forward and the computing wheels rotated. The re, turn movement of the general operator may be caused or assisted bya spring 38, Fig. 1; and the cross bar 37 of the general operator may engage lugs 39 pendent from the bars 21, to drive the latter backward toA normal positions; all the dial wheels remaining motionless while this is done, being held by spring detents 40. Also carried upon the forward end of each bar 21 is a/ rack 41 to be used for subtraction; this.rackparallel with the rack 28 and overlying the pinion 29, but adapted to drop into engagement with said pinion, so as to turn the pinion in reverse direction at the forward stroke of the bar 21 eiiected by the forward stroke of the general operator'bar 36. The racks may be connected in any suitable way as for instance by means of a yoke 42, which maybe integral with the racks.

. gage a pin or roller 44 on an arm 45 which extends back from ahorizontal transverse rock shaft or stud 46;.an arm 47 extending forwardly from said stud, and forming one of a pair of arms which carry at their forward ends a shifting and guiding bar 48, which passes through slots 49 in said racks 28; said slots extending horizontally and being about equal in length to the racks themselves. The other arm 47 of said pair, is pivoted upon a stud 46 in line with the stud 46. The arms 47 may also be rigidly connected by a shaft 46b fixed in ears 46c formed on said arms. Continued motion of the handle 31 in forward direction causes the general operator 32 to advance, and the bar 36 thereon to engage the depressed pins 20 to advance the racks 28 and rotate the pinions 29 and dial wheels 30 for addition.

It will be seen that the connection between the handle 31 and the cam 43 is such as to permit a` rotative movement of the cam 43 about the axis 33, in' advance of the -rotation of the segment 34, which is positively connected to the general operator 32. Said handle or crank 31 is fixed upon a drivingshaft or axle 50, which extends loosely through the hollow shaft 33 that rigidly connects the segments 34, so that the handle may be started ahead of the starting of said hollow shaft.

and general operator. This advance starting movement of the handle is used for depressing the pin 44 by means of the cam 43. Said cam is in the form of a pawl which is pivotd at 51 to an arm 52, which projects from a sleeve 53 which is loosely mounted upon-A said. hollow shaft 33, and the pawl has a foot 54 to rest on said sleeve 53, and is pressed toward said sleeve by a spring 55, Fig. 6.

A bit or key 56 projects from the crank axle 50'into a slot 57 in said sleeve 53,'

whereby the latter is caused always to turn with the crank. It will be seen that said bit 56 extends through a slot or opening'58 in the intermediate hollow shaft 33, said ,slot 58 extending partly around the axle 50 to permit limited vibration of said axle while the rhollow shaft 33 and the general operator 32 remain stationary, whereby the cam 43 is enabled to act, vand all the racks 28 are lifted into engagement with the pinions, before said racks begin to beadvanced by the general operator 32. By the advancement of said racks, the dial wheels are turned to various extents determined by the pins 2O that have been set.

It will be seen that the cam 43 merges into a curved edge 59 which is concentric to the axle 50, and that the roller or pin 44 is maintained motionless in its depressed position until the forward stroke of the general op-A erator 32 is practically completed, so that the racks 28 are held in mesh with the pinions 29 during said forward stroke of the general operator. At the final portion' o'f said forward stroke, the pin or roller 44 Adrops ofi' from the end of the edge 59, and

ing upon the studs 46,l 46, Figs. 3 and 6.

The cams 64, in each instance, are placed one below and one above the pivot 46 or 46, so that the springs 60 may return the racks to midway normal positions after they have been either elevated or depressed into engagement with the pinions. .The pin 44 having snapped off from the highk or dwell portion 59 ofthe cam, and the spring 60 having restored the rack-shifting frame t0 its normal or midwa position, the crank 31 is now pushed bac to normal position. During this operation, the drive axle turns backwardly, and the hollow shaft and sleeve are also turned backwardly bythe bit 56; the cam member or pawl l43, 59 yields upon its pivot v51` to permit vit to slip past the pin or roller 44; and the spring 55 snaps the pawl again toward the sleeve 53 with lts foot 54 resting upon said sleeve; said foot being placed at one 'side of the he setting of the machine frame for subl awl 'so as to ive clearance to the pin or rol 44. y '110` traction involves shifting of the cam-carry# ing sleeve 53 endwiselalo'n'g the hollow shaft 33 to the Fig. 6 position,to silence the cam 43 by shifting it out: of its position, sothat it cannot engage the wrist 44. At the same time, an oppositely placed cam 67 on the other end of the sleevel53 is shifted into position to engage a pin or roll 68 carried upon an arm 69 at the other side of the At the conclusion of the stroke, the pin, 68 drops od from the end of the' cam pawl 67, 7.0 permitting springs 60 to`lift Athe racks to normal midway positions in advance of the return of the rackseffected by the general operator 32 atthe return stroke of the handle 31. `During such return stroke, the cam pawl 67, 70, rides past the projection 68, and is snapped into normal position by a spring 71 with itsfoot 72, (Fig. 30) resting upon the sleeve 53. Thus it will be seen that the racksmesh with the pinions only during their initial strokes, and are out of mesh with` the pinions during their re rising froma horizontal rock shaft 74 eX`-` tending rearwardly; the rear 'end of said rockjshaft ha-ving apendent arm 75 con nected bya link76and collar 77 to said I vsleeve 53; a-pin 78 projecting from said sleeve through a circumferential slot 79 in said collar, to insure the sleeve traveling withl the collar while accommodatinggthe independent rotative movement of the sleeve. A spring detent 80 may engage one of two notches 81, 82, in an arm 83 fixed on said rock shaft to hold theparts in either additionfor subtraction shift positions. The

slot 57 inv the sleeve v53 is long enough to accommodate the shifting movement thereof, Fig;A 6.1 1

The liereinbefore described features are applicable to machines for general computation, and for .computing according to United States money and the saine is true vvof .some of the features hereinafter to be described;.but certain features of the presj designated as 84, and isintended to be read in connection with thev units shillings wheel; this pair of wheels being separated by a spacej85 from the pounds group, and by a space'S-from the pence group. The periphery of theY wheel 8,4 has five divisions,

each carrying the numeral 1 and a blank or zero space. It has five teeth 87 for start-y l ing the carry-over operation; each of the .wheels 30 having only one starting tooth,

units shillings wheel to the tens shillings wheel 84, at each complete revolution of the former; andto carryover one to the units of pounds wheel 30 five times during each revolution of the tens of shillings wheel 84; or in other words, every second advance movement ofthe wheel 84 starts the carryover'train to operate the lowest pound wheel.

The dial wheels for tens of pence and units of pence are rigidly connected together, forming a double wheel, which is designated as 88. The dial wheel for the units of pence is provided with twelve parts, bearing the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, L5-) L46 77 E7 77 L8 7) L49 7? $40 )7 C177 7 9 5 5 7 7 last two digits are read in connection with the two characters 1, 1, which show on the ten pence dial wheel, thereby designating ten pence and eleven pence. The pence 'wheel 88 is designed to have twelve steps in` one entire revolution; and once in each revolutiona starting tooth 87 thereon initiates the movement of the train which carries over 1 onto the units of shillings wheel 30. There is also provided a farthi-ngs dial wheel 89, Fig. 4, which is designed to be capable of twelve individual movements in each revolution, and hasv three starting teeth 87, and bears the digits 0, 1,.- 2;7 :c3777 07a al, 442, ac3, 440, 441.779 442,7: .and 3; and three times in each revolution the train is started for carrying over one on to the pence wheel 88.

.Each of the rack-bars 21 which operate the pounds wheel,"Fig. 4, carries nine of the keyset pins 20; and there are nine cor-` responding linkages 18; said linkages being also adapted to operate the pins on other bars. The rack-bar 21` for operating the units of shillings wheel has also. nine of -these pins 20.

The rack-bar which operates thevtens of shillings wheel 84 is special, and is desig-y nated as 90, and carries only one pin 20, which is a 1 pin, as said bar 90 never advances `more than one point, since the wheel '84 never turns but one step at a time.

There are provided three bars for 'operating the pence wheel 88. The first of these bars is designated as 91 andhas a single key-set pin 92 and is intended only for advancing said pence wheel ten points. The pin 92 is intended to be set by the vusual numeral type-key connected to the type pressible by a special linkage 98, which is operated by a special'arm 94 which is fixed to the first rock shaft 17, Fig. 4, the arm 16 of whichis depressed by the numeral key 1. This linkage 93, of course, operates every time that the numeral key 1 is depressed; but it usually moves idly, and .becomes effective only when the bar 91. is elevated through the means of the carriage dog 22. The bar 91 need not have any rack teeth, but instead thereof, may be provided with a lug 95 to engagea shoulder 96 on a rack bar 97 which directly engages a pinion 97a on the pence wheel;.so that when the bar 91 is carried forward, the rack bar 97 goes with it and vturns the pence wheel 88 ten points.

Upon the return stroke of the general operator, the bar 37 engages the lug 39 upon rack bar 97 and returns said rack-bar together with the bar 91. Thus it will be seen that bar 91 is free to be lifted .independently of the rack bar 97, so as to permit the setting of the pin 92, while said bar 91 cannot be advanced without advancing the rack bar 97 and driving the wheel 88, and bar 97 cannot be retracted without carrying back the bar 91. At Fig. 26, it will be seen that bar 91 has va slot 49 supporting the forward end of said bar on the rod 48. The forward end of the bar 91 therefore swings up and down idly when-the rod 48 shifts. The rack`-bar 97, .Figs. 4 and 28, having the racks for operating the pence wheel, is providedwith key set pins, and may be advanced independently of the bar 91, although, of course, this' does not happen whenever the number of pence to be added or subtracted exceeds nine p The general construction of thev units of pence rack-bar 97 is similar to that of the rack bars 21,.,buvt it has no pinfor 1; only eight pinsfrom 2' to9 being shown. The l pin is omitted from the bar 97, and other provisions are made for adding or subtracting a single penny, for

" the reason that if the linkage 18, which is connected to the 1 key, were to depress a 1 pin on the rack bar 97, after the pin 92 had been depressed, with the idea of writing and adding 11, it would happen that at the ensuing movement of the general operator the rack bar 97 would be advanced by the lug 95 only ten points; and hence the setting of the l w pin on said bar would be rendered wholly nugatory.

A special rack-bar98 is provided for carrying a single 1 pin 99, for adding a single penny, Figs. 4 and 27', this being the third of the three bars which are associated with the pence wheel. Said rack-bar 98 is not provided with any linkage 27, but has a projection 100 which overlies a lug 101, Figs.' 4, 27 and 28, on the units of pence rack-bar 97, so that Whenever the latter is lifted by the carriage dog 22, the rackbar 98 is also lifted, and hence the penny pin 99 may be depressed by that linkage 18 which is connected to the numeral key 1 Thus it will be seen that upon depressing the numeral key 1 twice, for writing eleven pence, the first stroke of said keysets the pin 92, by means of linkage 93, while the second stroke of said key does not affect any pin on bar 97, but does set the pin 99 on ff' 92; so that 11 is either added or subtracted on said wheel, as the case ma be.

As will be seen at Fig. 27, the 'ar 98 (which in this respect is like the rack-bar has .short addition vand subtraction racks 102, 103, as a movement of only one step is intended to be imparted thereby; thus initiating a movement whereby 1 is carried by the carrying-over train on to the pence wheel 88,-this carrying-over operation occurring during the return movement of the general operator 82 (as will presently be explained) and hence occurring after the pence wheel 88 has been turned ten points by the coperation of the bars 97 and 91; so that the rotation of said wheel 88 ten points by said bars 97 and 91 does not prevent the addition of the penny which is written in the units place of the work sheet. Since the provision is made on the separate bar 98 for the units key-set pin 99,`it follows that bar 98 must always be used for adding or subtracting a single penny, and hence no l y pin is provided upon the bar 97 and the bar -98 is movable forwardly and backwardly independently of the bar 97, so that wheel 104 maybe operated by the bar 98, while the bars 97 and 91 remain motionless; a penny subsequently being carried over on to the wheel 88 in a manner presently to be explained. The last rack bar 105 in the sysanism, employed in thismachine is shown 87 at the completion of this stroke moving A out of engagement gvithsaid pinion 106, as

seen in dotted lines at Fig. 22. Fixed tosaid pinion 106 isa mutilated pinion 107, similar to pinion 106, but having every third tooth removed. Normally each mutilated pinion 107 (of which there is one in every carry-over train) stands in such Aposition that it affords a clearance for its associated driving spur or spurs, these spurs being designated as 108, andthere being one of them for every pinion 107. In operating the machine for addition, the rotation of the two pinions 106,` 107 effected by the starting tooth 87, in passing from'the fullline to the dotted-line position at Fig. 22, moves a tooth of mutilated pinion 107 up in the path of its associated. driving spur 108; and, when the latter swings upwardly, the pinions 106, 107 are revolved together. A three-toothed wheel 109, fixed to pinion 106 and 107, meshes with a gear 110 upon the next computing wheel above.

. By means of the tooth 87 and the spur 108,

the three-toothed pinion 109 is turned through a third of a revolution, and one vof, its teeth swings into and out of mesh with said gear 110,v moving the same one step, or the distance from one tooth to the next; usually lone-tenth of a revolution, but in some casesone-twelfth of a revolution.

The spurs 108 lare iiXed upon a powervdriven shaft 111. The axes of the dial wheels 30, the pinions 106 and 107I and the shaft 111, are preferably in the same plane, as illustrated in' Fig. 22; but by raising the shaft on which said pinions are mounted.,` it will be possible if desired to make the teeth of pinions 107 register with the teeth of pinions '106, as illustrated in 'the United States patentI to Hanson, No.

905,421, whereas with the present arrangement the teeth are staggered. Spring detents 112, Figs. l and 25, engage the teeth of pinions 106 to hold them against accidental rotation; these detents being connected by springs 113A tothe above-mentioned de-l tents40. l.'

The spur-carrying shaft l111, is connected to be driven by the general operator; For

this-purpose a pinion 114, Figs. 1 and 29, meshes with the general operator rack 32, and transmits power to a pinion 115,

' mounted on said shaft 111, and connected Thisv pinion to be able to turnv the same. 115,Figs. 31 and 34, rotates idly during the forward stroke ofVv the general operator; said pinion having .aclutch connection with face for making said connection effective;

and also an inclined-face or Wall to force the ball down into the pocket 118, so that the pinion may revolve -idly during the forward stroke of the general operator. Said clutch hub 119, it will be observed, is formed upon a bevel gear 121, Fig. 31,- which is connected by an idle pinion 122 to another bevel-pinion 123, which is loosely mounted on the end of the shaft 111. A collar 124 is fixed on said shaft to confine said' pinion 123. Said shaft 111 may be made to rotate in either one direction or the other, according to whether addition or subtraction'is being performed, by means ofadouble clutch member, having one` part 125 to engage V'an internal clutch member 126 provided in the pinion 121, and another part 127 to engage an internal clutch member 128 provided in the pinion 123. This double clutch member is shiftable by the handle 73 and rock-shaft 74; the latter having shifter-arms 128a to engage a peripheral groove 128b in the clutch member, Fig. 6.V Said arms may have pins 128c to project into the groove, Fig. 31. When the double clutch is in the Fig. 31 position, addition vis performed; since the clutch section 126 drives the double member 125 in a direction to carry the spurs to the right or clockwise at Fig. 22, (said double clutch member being connected by a spline 129 to' said shaft 111, and the pinion 123 revolving idly). lVhen, however, the double clutch member is shifted out of mesh with clutch section 126 and into mesh with clutch section 128, power is transmitted from pinion 121 through pinionsv122 and 123 to the clutch 128, which revolves the double clutch`125, 127 in the opposite direction or counter-clockwise, together with the shaft 111 and the spurs This brings into play a set of spurs 130, which are effective to turn the pinions 106, 107 and 109 in clockwise di rection, thatis, 1n a direction opposite to that in which theyI turn at the adding operation.

It will be understood that in performing subtraction the computationl wheels, including those marked 30, are revolved by the racks 41 to the left at Fig. 22, and that the the pinion 106, and hence the pinions 107 and 109, in clockwise direction, bringing one toothof pinion 107 into position to be enrotation of the spur shaft 111.

means, the pinion 109 is caused to move the gaged by the spurs 130 during the ensuing vBy this gear 110 of next higher denomination or lorder to the extent of lone step, together to the adding movements; and hence a lower number appears `at the sight-opening 131, Fig. 44; or in other words, 1 is subtracted from the wheel of higher denomination. The movement of pinions 106, 107 109 is of the same extent whether forward or backward, and the Same is true of all the computing wheels ,including the wheels 30.

`The movement of shaft 111 is an entire revolution; and it will be understood that when-,any spur 108, 130 engages. and rotates its associated pinion 107, it always leaves said pinion in the position indicated at Fig. 22, with one of its three gaps or blank spacesvopposite the spurs, so that the,

shaft 111 "may complete its revolution without engagement of said pinion 107 bythe opposite spur' (130 or 108, as the case may be). In other words, only one of the spurs 108130 ,in each pair can be made to operate a pinion 107 during a single revolution of the shaft 111. Each pair of spurs 108, 130,

may be formed of a single piece of sheet metal, Figs. 11 to 20.; and the last spurof the series, Fig. 21, may be common to both sets, and Ais designated as `13 2. The spurs are placed spirally` along the shaft 111, Fig. 4, so that they may act one after another upon the carryover trains 107, etc. One spiral'extends along the shaft 111' in the opposite-direction from the other, so that in every case the carrysover'trainof lowest order may be operated first; then the train of neXt higher order, and so on.v z

The threepinions 106107, 109, in each tens-carrying train, are like those inthe other tens-carrying trains. At 'VF ig. 7 is shown the train that is started by any one of three teeth 87 onthe farthings wheel;

said train moving to the Fig. 8 position and performing addition; the ensuing movement of the spur 108 bringing it into mesh with the pinion 107, and turning the latterv in the manner already explained. This operation occurs lthree times ineach revolution4 44, it Vwill be seen that a completel revolution l of said wheel, which may be efected'by the four full strokes of the rack 105,'will carry twelve farthings or three pence over to the pence wheel 88. At Figs. 3, 4, 4a and 45, it will be seen that the pinion 107, of the farthings carry-over train, is fixed on a hub 133, to the other end of which is fixe-d a three tooth pinion 133b which directly en'- gages the gear 110 which is fixed to the pence dial wheel 88, so that carrying-over from the farthings wheel to the pence wheel occurs independently of the dummy wheel 104. The latter is also connected to the same pence gear 110 by a separate tens-carrying train consisting of pinions 106 and 109,

`,operated independently of' the other, both pinions 109 and 133" standing for this purl pose out of mesh with gear A110 until rotated by the spurs 108 or 130. At Fig. 45,

thegear 110 is just about to be advanced by pinion 133D; the movementl of the latter by the starting tooth on the fa'thing's dialwheel having been completed'. The normal position of-pinion 133b is the same as shown dotted at 109, Fig. 45. The hub 133il is elongated to reach from the farthings wheel to the pence wheels.

The pence dial wheel 88 has a pinion 97a corresponding to pinion 133; and both of these pinions are of larger diameter than the pinions 29, in the proportion of twelve to ten,.so that the 'angular movement of the pence and farthings wheels are correspondinglydiminished in proportion to the travel of their driving racks. The adding 'and subtracting vracks are spaced a little farther apart to allow for the increased diameter, and properly located with respect tol the bar 48, so as to mesh at the same instant as the racks for the ten step dial Wheels.

It will be understood that if the machine is setfor subtraction, the starting teeth 87 turn the carrying trains in clockwise direction, and the movements ofy said trains in vthe same direction are completed by the upper spurs 130; the shaft 111 being; of course, rotated reversely, so that the next higher computation Wheel in each instance is rotated reversely to the extent of one point, thus borrowing 1 therefrom, or causing it to show the next lower number at the sight opening 131, Fig. 44. i

It will be understood that the ten-step au-xiliary or dummy wheel 104 is like all the dial wheels in this respect, that it may be rotated clockwise for addition, or counterclockwise for subtraction, and that its ten starting teeth 87 will (at each step of said wheel) have the same` effect, in either case,

i as that already referred to in respect to the .l dial wheels; the lower or upper spur. 108 or 130 at Fig. 27 being effective accordingly,

so that a penny is either carried over to or v borrowed from the pencewheel 88.-

vIt will be seen at Fig. 4, that the pinions 1'06 and 109, belonging to the pence train,

the tens of shillings and pounds has also a long hub 136, to connect the corresponding 15 pinions across the gap 85.

i The operation of the tens-carrying train between the units of shillings and tens -of shillings wheels 30 and 84, h'as already been explained in connection with Fig. 22. The

tens of shillings dialwheelis seen at Fig. 9,

having five starting teeth 87, so that a complete revolution thereof will carry five tlmes' to the units of pounds dial wheel. On the tensof shillings rack bar 90', Fig. 26, is provided a locking rib or elevation 137 beneath all vof the pin-setting linkages 18, except the 1 linkage. Normally the locking rib 137 is ineffective; but when the rear end of the bar 90 is lifted by its linkage 27, said locking rib Yor elevation becomes effective to lock against movement thelinkages 18 from 2 to 9, so that the types associated with said linkages cannot print on the work. sheet; thus avoiding liability of error or confusion. The' ten pence bar 91, Fig. 26, has a similar locking rib 138 beneath the linkages 18 from 2 to 9, to avoid printing a numerall higher thani1-. inthe ten- .pence column on the work sheet.

The farthings rack bar`105 (Fig. 275) has a locking rib 139 beneath the linkages 18 extendingk from 4 to 9, so that nothing greater .than three farthings canbe written on the work sh'eet. IThere is also provided means for preventing a greater number than eleven being either vwritten or computed'ln the pence.' columns. The ten-pence pin- I carrying bar 91 extends beneath an arm 140,

which extends from a rock shaft 141; the latter extending rearwardly beneath, the linkages 18, Figs. 30, 32, 33, 35 and 36. At each elevation of said bar 91 vwhich is effected bythe carriage dog 22, said rock shaft 141 is rocked .idly from Fig. -32 position to Fig. 33 position. Upon the lowering of said bar 91 (if no numeral type key has been depressed)l the rock shaft 141 is returned to normal position by means of a spring 142, Fig. 32. Of course the keys 2 to 9 are not depressible while the bar 91 is up, as already explained; but if during such elevation of bar 91 the numeral key for 1 is depressed, the special linkage 93 is also depressed, and a toe 143 thereon engages an arm 144 on the opposite side of said rock from 2 00 9 inclusive; and the ing and Icomputing inthe units of pence column, no type can. be printed, nor canany computing gm 20 be depressed, except the 1 type an ythe l pin. It will be under prevented from printing in this column.

The s ring 142 is attached at onefend to apin 14 in a fixture, and at kthe other end to a pin on the end of an arm 148, whichis fixed to one end of the rock shaft 141, Fig. 30"*. On Vthe other end of said rock shaft is an arm 149, which vibrates between two stops 150, Figs. 4 and 30, to limit the stroke of the rock shaft. A releasing bar 151 is' pivoted at 152 upon a fixture, and is -restood, however, that the zero type' isv not leasable by they farthings rack 105, as the i latter rises under the influence of the carriage dog 22;.so that the type'keys 2 and 3 may be operated in the farthings column.

Said bar 151 h'as a linger 153 to engage the arm 1.40 on- -said rock shaftto move it from the Fig. 35 position towardthe Fig. 36 nor- Amalposition;l such movement of the rockshaft being completed by the spring 142, whereby the linkages are released from the control of the stop arms 145. There isalso provided upon the pin-operating bar 36 of the general operator a cam 155, Fig, 30a, which during the movement; of the general operator may engage a finger 156 Aupon the releaser 15,1, and cause the same to? release the locks 145, as will be understood by inspection of Fig. 36. A spring 156a returns grli) 153 to normal position against stop is provided through an arbor. 157, Figs. 4, 5, 37, and 43, which extends through the hubs of the dial wheels, and is operated by a pinion 15.8,'provided upon the arbor or shaft .and constantly engaging a rack 159 For setting'the dial wheels to zero,fthere upon a bar 160, which corresponds `to-the rack bars 21, 'and has at'its rear end a single pin 161, engagable by the pin-driving bar 36, so that the general operator may be used for turning the wheelsito zero. On the forward stroke of the general operator, the pinionv 158 `and its arbor are turned in one direction; and upon the return stroke of the general operator, the pinion and arbor are returned to' normal positions; .said bar 160 having a shoulder 162, which is engaged by the rack-returning bar 37 upon the return kstroke of the general operator. A spring de- Vvtent 163 engages a depression 164 on a wheel 165, which is fixed on the arbor, to hold the same in normal position.

Each of the dial wheels, Fig. 22, has a recess 166 to receive a ball 167; the ball being pressed into the recess by a spring 168, so that the arbor may carry the wheel toward zero position; the ball forming a clutch between the arbor and the wheel, corresponding to that seen in Fig. 34. These balls and springs are seated in pockets 169; said pockets being formed in collars which are mounted on or carried by said arbor` 157. The ball-carrying collar for the pounds wheel is indicated as 170, and may be secured to the arbor by a set screw 171, Fig. 43,4 or it may be formed directly upon the arbor. A short collar 172 is provided with one pocket 169 for the tens of shillings computing wheel. This collar 172 is loose -n the arbor, to permit rotation of the arbor to a certain extent while the tens of shillings wheel is stationary. Another collar 173 is provided with two pockets 169, for

the units of shillings wheel and the double 4pence-wheel, respectively; said collar 173 being secured to the arbor 157 by a set screw 174. Still another collar 175 is provided with a pocket 169 for the farthings wheel; this collarv being also loose on the arbor 157, and confined by a fast collar 175. The reason for making the collars 172 and 175 loose, is that it is not desired to turn the tens of shillings wheel more than one-tenth of a revolution, or the arthings wheel more than one-third of a revolution, during an entire revolution of the arbor 157 and so it is arranged that these Wheels shall lnot be picked up until the latter part of the' initial revolution of said shaft 157.

At the end'of the collar 173 is fixed a pin the wheel `89; but in any event the tooth yeo 87 on said wheel starts the associated carrylover train 106,v in the manner hereinbefore explained. v

It will be seen that the farthings wheel 89 has three of the recesses or notches 166, located at intervals at 120 degrees, so that it is insured that the lloose or short-stroke collar 175 will always turn the arthings Wheel 89, regardless ofthe original position of the latter, as there are three points in the revo- 157 being to Set all the remaining coniputa tion wheels each within one point of its zero position, and to start the lowest carry-over train, which hasits pinion started bv the farthings wheel, the starting of this train causing the next higher wheel to turn to Zero, and simultaneously to start its own cariyover train, thus causing the next higher wheel to turn to zero and start its carry-over train, and so 0n, so that all of the wheels are brought one after another' to zero during the return stroke of the general operator. It will be understood that the auxiliary wheel 104 has no clutch connection with the zeroizing arbor 157. lt will be understood that the recess 166 in the pence wheel is so placed that the zeroizing arbor 157 moves said wheel to such a point that 11 appears at the sight opening. The loose collar 172 for tens of shillings is operated by a pin 178, similar to pin 176, and has.

a lug 179 corresponding to lug 177, but shorter, as there is more lost motion ou the arbor 157 relative to the loose collar 1'2, since said collar is not turned more than one-'tenth of a revolution by the pin 178. Said tens of shillings wheel 84 has five of the ball recesses 166, at equal intervals, Fig. 9; and if said wheel 84 shows 0 or a blank through the sight opening the zeroizing arbor orshaft 157 will rotate the wheel 84 one point, bringing 1 to the sight opening, rand duringthe subsequent movement of the general operator 32, said wheel 84 will be advancedanother point, bringing 0 to the sight opening, and starting the carry-over train. 84 shows 1,-at the operation of the zero shaft 157, the shaft will not move the wheel.

From, the foregoing it will be understood that at the irst stroke of the shaft 157, all

the Wheels, from the pence wheel up, are ad! vanced each to a position which is one point short of the zero position; while the farthings wh'eel is advanced fully to the zero position, to start its carry-over train; and that during the return stroke of the general-operator all the carry-over trains (except that belonging to the dummy Wheel) are brought into use, and hence all of the dial wheels are brought to zero. During said return stroke of the general' operator, the rack bar 160 returns,y being carried back by meansof the cross bar 37 engaging lug 162 on said.

rack bar, and the zerolzing pinion 158 is also returned, and hence the arbor 157 is rotated back to its initial position. During this reverse movement the pins 176 and 178 

